Constitution

Historical Background

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia, approved by the Federal Parliament on 4 March 2026 and formally signed into law by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud on 8 March 2026, marks a defining chapter in the nation’s enduring journey toward permanent statehood, democratic governance, and the rule of law.

This historic document formally brings to a close more than a decade under a provisional charter, elevating Somalia’s legal framework from a transitional instrument to the permanent and supreme law of the land. It stands as a testament to the unwavering commitment of Somalia’s legislative and executive institutions, and of the Somali people themselves, to complete the unfinished work of state-building on enduring and legitimate foundations.

As the supreme law of the Federal Republic of Somalia, this Constitution supersedes all prior provisional frameworks. It is more than a legal instrument — it is a covenant between the Somali state and its people.

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Foundations

Core Values and Guiding Principles

The Constitution reflects the collective aspirations of the Somali people to build a united, just, and sovereign nation. It is grounded in enduring values that define the character and identity of the Somali state and its relationship with its citizens.

Islamic ValuesRooted in the principles of Islam as the guiding moral and legal foundation of the state.
Human RightsAffirming the universality of human rights for every Somali citizen without exception.
EqualityGuaranteeing equal protection and standing under the law for all persons.
Social JusticeCommitting the state to inclusive development and equitable opportunity for all.
SovereigntyVesting supreme authority in the Somali people and the institutions they establish.
Rule of LawEnsuring that all persons and institutions are accountable to the law equally.

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Structure

Separation of Powers and Democratic Governance

The Constitution establishes a clear and accountable separation of powers among the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. It provides robust mechanisms to prevent abuse of office, ensure transparency, and safeguard the rule of law.

The PresidentElected by parliament as Head of State. Presidential term fixed at five years, limited to a maximum of two terms.
The ParliamentMembers of parliament chosen directly by citizens through universal suffrage — one person, one vote.
The Prime MinisterAppointed by the President and held accountable to parliament, heading the Federal Government.
The JudiciaryIndependent courts empowered to uphold constitutional rights and ensure equal access to justice.

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Sovereignty & Federation

Territorial Integrity and Federal Architecture

In affirming Somalia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, the Constitution vests exclusive authority over foreign relations and bilateral agreements in the Federal Government, ensuring that the Republic speaks with one voice in the international arena.

The Constitution further defines and strengthens the federal architecture, delineating the relationship between the Federal Government and Federal Member States in service of unity, stability, and inclusive governance. This framework ensures that power is distributed appropriately while preserving national cohesion and collective purpose.

Foreign Relations: Exclusive authority over bilateral agreements and international representation is vested in the Federal Government — ensuring Somalia speaks with one sovereign voice on the world stage.

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Legacy

A Symbol of National Renewal

The Constitution is a symbol of national renewal, sovereignty, and the collective determination to secure dignity, peace, and prosperity for all citizens — today and for generations to come. It represents the culmination of a decades-long journey of state-building, sacrifice, and democratic aspiration.

This document stands as enduring proof that the Somali people, through their elected institutions and their collective will, have chosen the path of law, democracy, and unity — and have committed to upholding these values as the defining character of their nation.